Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide
CAS: 143-33-9
Molecular Formula: CNNa
Sodium cyanide - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Sodium cyanide |
| Synonyms | Cyanogran Cyanobrik Sodium cyanide cianurodisodio cyanideofsodium Cianuro di sodio Cyanide of sodium Cyanure de sodium (cyano-kappaC)sodium Sodium cyanide, p.a. Sodium cyanide,liquid SODIUMCYANIDE,BRIQUETTE Sodium Cyanide, Reagent SODIUMCYANIDE,REAGENT,ACS Shannai oil |
| CAS | 143-33-9 |
| EINECS | 205-599-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/CN.Na/c1-2;/rCNNa/c2-1-3 |
Sodium cyanide - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CNNa |
| Molar Mass | 49.01 |
| Density | 1.6 |
| Melting Point | 563.7°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 1497°C |
| Flash Point | 1500°C |
| Water Solubility | 37 g/100mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
| Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 817 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 1.7 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Powder |
| Color | White |
| Odor | The dry salts are odorless, but reaction with atmospheric moisture produces HCN,whose bitter almond |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA (measured as CN) skin 5 mg CN/m3 (ACGIH and OSHA), 5 mg CN/m3/ 10-minute ceiling (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 14,8605 |
| BRN | 3587243 |
| pKa | 9.36[at 20 ℃] |
| PH | 11.7 (100g/l, H2O, 20°C) |
| Storage Condition | Poison room |
| Stability | hygroscopic |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Vapor Density: 1.7 (vs air) vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 817 ℃) solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 ℃, clear, colorless storage conditions: Poison room sensitivity: hygropic WGK Germany:3 RTECS:VZ7525000 |
Sodium cyanide - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R26/27/28 - Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R32 - Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R48/25 - |
| Safety Description | S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S28A - |
| UN IDs | UN 1689 6.1/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | VZ7525000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28371110 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | I |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 15 mg/kg (Smyth) |
Sodium cyanide - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
cubic crystal system, white crystalline solid block, Flake particles or powder, easy deliquescence, a weak bitter almond odor. The relative density was 1. 596. Melting point 563.7 °c. Boiling point 1496 °c. Soluble in water, ammonia, ethanol and methanol. 34 deg C aqueous solution easy to crystallize out of sodium cyanide, often contain 1 or 2 water of crystallization. 37,4 degrees Celsius, the loss of crystal water, a strong base weak acid salt. It is easy to react with acid, and even weak acid can react with it. Metals such as iron, zinc, nickel, copper, cobalt, silver and cadmium are melted in a sodium cyanide solution to produce the corresponding cyanide. In the participation of oxygen, can dissolve gold and silver and other precious metals, the formation of complex salts. Highly toxic!
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Sodium cyanide - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
at present, the main industrial production is acrylonitrile by-product method.
- The method: natural gas, ammonia and air as raw materials. The natural gas is removed from inorganic sulfur and some organic sulfur by a water washing Tower, and the sulfur content of the refined natural gas is less than or equal to 1mg/ma and the hydrocarbon content above C2 is less than 2% by filtration, and the liquid ammonia is vaporized by a vaporizer, the air was fine filtered through a filter. The three feed gases are mixed into the oxidation reactor through a mixer in the proportion of ammonia: Methane: Air -1:(1.15~1.17):(6, 70~6.80), and the platinum-rhodium alloy is used as the catalyst, at a temperature of 1070-1120 °c, the reaction yields 8. 5% of the mixed gas is cooled and then fed into an ammonia absorption tower to absorb residual ammonia with sulfuric acid, then cooled by water, and hydrogen cyanide is absorbed by low-temperature water. The hydrogen cyanide solution absorbed by water enters the desorption tower after heat exchange, and HCN with a purity of 98% is obtained at the top of the tower, and then reacts with the alkali liquor to generate sodium cyanide solution, which is evaporated, crystallized, dried and molded to obtain a finished product.
- flame method: natural gas, oxygen, ammonia as raw materials, respectively, through the filter filter to remove impurities, steady measurement into the mixer. Part of the oxygen as the main oxygen into the mixer, the other part directly into the nozzle for ignition. The three kinds of raw materials are matched according to a certain proportion, and the combustion reaction for synthesizing hydrocyanic acid is carried out at a temperature of 1500 ℃. The reaction gas is quenched by water spray, cooled by a cooler, and fed into an ammonia absorption tower, ammonium sulfate can be recovered by absorbing residual ammonia in the reaction gas with 15%-20% sulfuric acid. The reaction gas containing hydrogen cyanide is water-cooled, and hydrogen cyanide is absorbed by low-temperature water to form a 15% Solution. The hydrogen cyanide with a content of 98~6 ~ 99% is obtained by rectification in a rectification column, and then absorbed, evaporated and crystallized by alkali solution, drying, molding, preparation of sodium cyanide products. The tail gas after permanent absorption of hydrogen cyanide contains 65% of hydrogen and about 30% of carbon monoxide, and can be recycled to synthetic ammonia, methanol, oxalic acid and other products.
- light oil cracking method: light oil and ammonia are mixed in proportion in an atomizer, preheated to 280 ° C., cracked in an electric arc furnace, and petroleum is used as a carrier, ammonia gas is used as protective gas for closed anti-oxidation, and the temperature is 1450 ℃, the reaction generates hydrocyanic acid gas. After dust removal and cooling, the pure hydrocyanic acid is obtained by Ammonia removal, water washing, absorption and rectification, then sodium cyanide is produced by absorption with alkali solution.
- acrylonitrile by-product Method: In the process of producing acrylonitrile by propylene ammoxidation, the by-product hydrogen cyanide gas (the amount of which is equivalent to 4% ~ ioY6 of acrylonitrile production) is absorbed by alkali solution, after evaporation, concentration, separation and drying, the sodium cyanide product was obtained.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:00:51
Sodium cyanide - Use
Open Data Verified Data
It is used as a quenching agent for various steels in the mechanical industry. Electroplating industry as copper, silver, cadmium and zinc, etc. In the metallurgical industry for the extraction of gold, silver and other precious metals. Chemical industry is the production of various inorganic cyanide and hydrocyanic acid raw materials, also used in the production of organic glass, a variety of synthetic materials, nitrile rubber, synthetic fiber copolymer. The dye industry is used in the manufacture of cyanogen chloride (reactive dye intermediate, and a raw material for the production of whitening agents). In the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of methyl cyanoacetate and malonic acid Diethyl ester. It is used as mordant in textile industry, and also used for liquid carburizing and nitriding of steel. Direct use of sodium cyanide production of important inorganic cyanide is mainly yellow blood salt sodium, yellow blood salt potassium, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate; Organic cyanide is cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, Benzyl Cyanide, cyanogen chloride, etc. The main products of hydrogen cyanide reproduction using sodium cyanide are: methyl methacrylate, Butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyacetonitrile and so on.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:00:50
Sodium cyanide - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
packed in an iron drum lined with a polyethylene plastic bag with a net weight of 50kg and 60kg per drum. The package should have a marked "highly toxic product. It is an inorganic drug, risk code: GB 6.1 class 61001. Highly toxic GANO.A10020 UN N0.1689; IMDG CODE(2004 edition, Volume2)77 pages, category 6.1. Should be stored in a ventilated, dry warehouse, preferably special storage. The container must be closed. In case of acid will produce highly toxic gas, and acid, potassium chlorate (sodium), potassium nitrite (sodium) and edible goods are not stored and mixed transport. Warehouse management should be handled according to the provisions of the public security department. Wear work clothes, masks and gloves when handling. Work, not drinking tea smoking, work should be cleaned hands and faces. Ground residues with five times larger soda solution and removal, the foot should also be buried in the soil. In case of dizziness and discomfort, the patient should be transferred to fresh air immediately, or take 1% medicinal soda solution for first aid, and be sent to hospital for treatment promptly. See potassium cyanide for treatment on misfire. Toxicity and protection: the lethal dose of sodium cyanide is 0. lOg, others see potassium cyanide.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:00:52
Sodium cyanide - Reference Information
| pH indicator color change ph range | 11-12 |
| LogP | -0.25 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolution grams per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 40.8g/0 ℃;48.1g/10 ℃;58.7g/20 ℃;71.2g/30 ℃; Hydrolysis/40 ℃ |
| toxicity | the lethal dose of sodium cyanide is 0.10g, see potassium cyanide for others. |
| use | used as a quenching agent for various steels, the main components of copper, silver, cadmium, zinc, etc., used to extract precious metals such as gold and silver, and is also a raw material for cyanide and hydrocyanic acid used as a quenching agent for various steels in the machinery industry. As the main component of copper, silver, cadmium and zinc plating in electroplating industry. It is used in the metallurgical industry to extract precious metals such as gold and silver. In the chemical industry, it is a raw material for the manufacture of various inorganic cyanides and hydrocyanic acid. It is also used to manufacture copolymers of plexiglass, various synthetic materials, nitrile rubber, and synthetic fibers. In the dye industry, it is used to make trichloride (a reactive dye intermediate, and a raw material for the production of brighteners). It is used in the pharmaceutical industry to manufacture methyl cyanoacetate and diethyl malonate. It is used as a mordant in the textile industry, and is also used for liquid carburizing and nitriding of steel. The important inorganic cyanides directly produced by sodium cyanide mainly include sodium yellow blood salt, potassium yellow blood salt, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanide, potassium thiocyanide; organic cyanide There are cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, cyanobenzyl, trimeric cyanide, etc. The main products of hydrogen cyanide reproduction using sodium cyanide are: methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, amino triacetic acid, hydroxyacetonitrile, etc. It is used in plastics, medicine, pesticides, dyes, metallurgy, electroplating, mineral processing and other industries, and is also used as a raw material for making hydrocyanic acid. Used as a masking agent in analysis, used as a chromium mixture in smelting and electroplating industries, and also used in the research of insect hormones |
| production method | currently, acrylonitrile by-product method is the main industrial production. The sodium ammonia method adds metal sodium and petroleum coke to the reactor in a certain proportion, heats to 650 ℃, informs ammonia gas, heats to 800 ℃, reacts for 7 hours, and all metal sodium is converted into sodium cyanide. The reactants are filtered at a temperature of 650 ℃ to remove excess petroleum coke, and the melt is released and cast to obtain sodium cyanide products. Its 2Na + 2C +2Ntl3 → 2NaCN +3H2 ↑ cyanide melt method adds cyanide melt and lead oxide to the extraction tank with a batching ratio of (500~700):l, and adds lead oxide to generate PbS precipitation and plays a desulfurization role. The extract is settled, and the clear liquid contains 80~90g/L NaCN. It reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid in the generator to generate hydrocyanic acid gas. After condensing and removing water, it enters the absorption reactor and absorbs with liquid alkali to generate sodium cyanide. The reaction is as follows: Na2s + PbO + H2O → PbS ++ 2NaOHCa(CN)2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 ↓ + 2HCN ↑ HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O The Anshi method uses natural gas, ammonia and air as raw materials. Natural gas is removed from inorganic sulfur and part of organic sulfur through a water washing tower. After filtration, the refined natural gas has a sulfur content of ≤ l mg/m3 and hydrocarbons above C2 below 2%. Liquid ammonia is vaporized by a vaporizer and air is filtered through a filter. According to the ratio of ammonia: methane: air: 1:(1.15~1.17):(6.70~6.80), the three feed gases are mixed into the oxidation reactor through a mixer, and the platinum-rhodium alloy is used as a catalyst at a temperature of 1070~1120 ℃, The reaction generates a mixed gas containing 8.5%, after cooling, it enters the ammonia absorption tower, absorbs residual ammonia with sulfuric acid, and then cools with water, and absorbs hydrogen cyanide with low-temperature water, the exhaust gas is emptied after passing through the alkali washing tower. The water absorbs hydrogen cyanide solution and enters the desorption tower after heat exchange. The purity of the tower is 98% HCN, and then it reacts with lye to generate sodium cyanide solution. After evaporation, crystallization, drying and molding, the finished product is prepared. Its CH4 + NH3 → HCN + 3H2HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O flame method uses natural gas, oxygen and ammonia as raw materials, filters out impurities respectively, and enters the mixer after voltage stabilization measurement. Part of the oxygen is used as the main oxygen into the mixer, and the other part is directly into the nozzle for ignition. The three kinds of raw gas are matched according to a certain proportion, and the combustion reaction of hydrocyanic acid is carried out at a temperature of 1500 ℃. The reaction gas is quenched by water spray, cooled by a cooler, and enters an ammonia absorption tower to absorb the residual ammonia in the reaction gas with 15% ~ 20% sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfate can be recovered. The reaction gas containing hydrogen cyanide is water-cooled, and hydrogen cyanide is absorbed by low-temperature water to form a 1.5% solution. Hydrogen cyanide with a content of 98% ~ 99% can be obtained by rectification tower rectification, and then absorbed, evaporated, crystallized, dried, and molded by lye to obtain sodium cyanide finished products. The main reactions are as follows: 2CH4+3O2 "2CO +4H2OCH4 + NH3" HCN + 3H2HCN + NaOH "NaCN + H2O water absorbs hydrogen cyanide and the tail gas contains about 30% hydrogen 65% and carbon monoxide, which can be recovered to produce synthetic ammonia, methanol, oxalic acid and other products. The light oil cracking method mixes light oil and ammonia in an atomizer in proportion, preheats to 280 ℃, cracks and reacts in an electric arc furnace, uses petroleum coke as a carrier, and uses nitrogen as a protective gas for closed anti-oxidation, and the temperature is 1450 ℃, The reaction generates hydrocyanic acid gas. After dust removal and cooling, pure hydrocyanic acid is obtained through ammonia removal, water washing, absorption, and rectification, and then alkali solution is absorbed to generate sodium cyanide. The reaction is as follows: C6H14 +6NH3 → 6HCN +13H2 ↑ HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O acrylonitrile by-product method In the process of propylene ammoxidation to acrylonitrile, by-product hydrogen cyanide gas (the amount is equivalent to 4% ~ 10% of acrylonitrile output) is absorbed by alkali liquor, and then evaporated, concentrated, separated and dried to obtain sodium cyanide product. Its HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O |
| category | pesticide |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral administration-rat LD50: 6.4 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 5.88 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | non-combustible substances; toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas is released when exposed to water and acid; toxic cyanide and sodium oxide smoke are generated when heated |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Store separately from alkalis, acids and food additives |
| occupational standard | TLA-TWA 5 mg (cyanide)/m3; STEL 10 mg (cyanide)/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:55:45
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